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Peran Olahraga Rekreasi dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental dan Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat: Tinjauan Literatur
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan bukti empiris terkini mengenai peran olahraga rekreasi dalam meningkatkan kesehatan mental dan kualitas hidup (QoL) masyarakat. Dengan metode literature review, penelusuran dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel 2019–2025, menggunakan kata kunci berpadanan (recreational sport, leisure-time physical activity, mental health, well-being, quality of life, community-based). Dari 15 studi yang memenuhi syarat, mayoritas melaporkan penurunan gejala depresi–kecemasan, peningkatan well-being dan QoL, serta temuan dose–response di mana frekuensi 2–3 sesi/minggu intensitas ringan, sedang memberi manfaat konsisten. Mekanisme yang paling sering dilaporkan meliputi regulasi neurobiologis (penurunan kortisol, peningkatan endorfin/BDNF), mediasi sosial (dukungan dan keterikatan komunitas), serta efek restoratif lingkungan pada aktivitas berbasis alam. Bukti dari konteks Indonesia menegaskan peran program komunitas (Car Free Day, senam massal) yang memperkuat partisipasi dan kohesi sosial. Tinjauan ini menyimpulkan bahwa olahraga rekreasi merupakan intervensi non-farmakologis, murah, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan untuk promosi kesehatan mental dan QoL lintas usia, serta merekomendasikan dukungan kebijakan ruang terbuka/fasilitas publik, kolaborasi lintas sektor, dan riset lanjutan terkait dosis optimal, preferensi populasi khusus, dan evaluasi jangka panjang. Keterbatasan tinjauan mencakup heterogenitas desain dan instrumen luaran, potensi publication bias, serta dominasi studi berpendapatan tinggi
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.38114/josepha.v6i2.460
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